R02 return code: Account Closed

R02 is the return reason code Account Closed. The account was closed before the entry arrived.

It is sent by the RDFI as a return entry: the original entry goes back to the ODFI with an addenda record carrying R02, and the ODFI passes the return on to the Originator.

• The Receiver closed the account.
• The RDFI closed it (after a fraud case or a long period of inactivity, for example).
• The account was replaced, for example when the bank converted or merged accounts.

Available to the ODFI by opening of business on the 2nd banking day after the settlement date of the original entry.

Banking days are the Federal Reserve’s business days: weekends and Fed holidays don’t count, so a holiday in the window pushes the deadline out by a day.

• Stop sending entries to this account and ask the Receiver for current account details.
• Don’t reinitiate the entry unchanged: the Rules allow it only once the reason for the return has been corrected.
• It counts toward the Originator’s administrative return rate (R02, R03 and R04), which Nacha reviews above 3% of debits.

A return is the original entry detail record (type 6) sent back with a return transaction code — 21 or 26 for a checking account, 31 or 36 for savings (21 and 31 return a credit, 26 and 36 a debit) — the original amount, and an addenda record of type 99 that carries the reason. The batch keeps the original entry’s SEC code.

To read a return file record by record, open the file in NACHA Navigator, a free sister site that parses NACHA files in your browser without uploading them.

The code table on this page is the one behind the REST API and the MCP server, so a script or an AI agent gets the same answer as JSON. No key and no account.

curl -s 'https://payopskit.com/api/v1/codes/R02?set=ach-return'

{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "id": 1,
  "method": "tools/call",
  "params": {
    "name": "lookup_payment_code",
    "arguments": {
      "code": "R02",
      "set": "ach-return"
    }
  }
}

{
  "code": "R02",
  "set": "ach-return",
  "found": true,
  "matches": [
    {
      "set": "ach-return",
      "code": "R02",
      "name": "Account Closed",
      "description": "The account was closed before the entry arrived.",
      "details": {
        "category": "return",
        "timeframe": "Available to the ODFI by opening of business on the 2nd banking day after the settlement date of the original entry",
        "timeframeKind": "banking-days",
        "timeframeDays": 2,
        "timeframeFrom": "original-settlement",
        "account": "any",
        "accountNote": null,
        "writtenStatement": false,
        "initiatedBy": "RDFI",
        "note": null,
        "effectiveFrom": null,
        "upcomingChange": null,
        "caveat": null
      }
    }
  ]
}

The deadline for a settlement date: GET /api/v1/ach/return-deadline?settlement_date=2026-11-25&code=R02 or the MCP tool ach_return_deadline.

• R03No Account / Unable to Locate
• R04Invalid Account Number
• R12Account Sold to Another DFI
• C01NOC: Incorrect DFI Account Number

All ACH return codes, R01 to R85